I'm a Singularitarian (without the religious implications) who believes that part of evolution will eventually see technology transcend biology. In fact, there's really no clear cut difference between them.
In that mindset, I watched IBM's Watson play Jeopardy tonight against two top former human contestants. It was amazing how well the machine did. That led to a discussion about the eventual merger of human and machine. Some people are horrified by the idea. I find it cool as hell. We're already cyborgs anyway, what with artificial limbs and organs. But there is the question of what will be lost in the transition from minerals and goo to plastics and silicon and will it be worth the gain?
I've been thinking about the the merger of human and machines since Robbie the Robot was on screen in "Forbidden Planet"...at the ripe age of 7 yrs old. And almost all of the baby boomers remember Robbie's later "Lost In Space" iconic warning "Danger, Will Robinson, danger!" Robbie was like a super cool pet or a playmate you didn't have to feed or clean up after. That would change.
Robbie's helpfulness would eventually take a sinister turn. By 1968 there was "Space Odyssey" with the cyclopian but warmly engaging artificial intelligence of HAL, who by all accounts was not just super fast and smart, but sentient. With that miracle of self-awareness came danger to humans. The 70's saw battle Star Galactica and the wars with rebellious robots. Then came "The Terminator" and the concept of Skynet, the evil intelligence that wanted to eliminate humans because they were an impediment and disease and even later followed by "The Matrix" amplifying the same premise.
It's notable that ll through the various incarnations of Star Trek the computers were never given full reign of the ship or decision making except in the most dire of situations. Even though the series was set in centuries in the future computers were portrayed more or less as highly sophisticated tools tethered to the service of human needs, the exception being Mr Data, who at times proved dangerous to the humans around him as well.
issac Assimov's famous three laws of robotics from the late 1940's (later changed to 4) and which attempted to mitigate for these sorts of fantasied dangers, are:
- A robot may not harm humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.
- A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
- A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
- A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
People have been thinking about this robots vs humans thing for a long time and many of the ethical questions remain.
For example, say there was a sentient machine owned by a business that wanted to upgrade and part of that process would mean turning the sentient machine off. The machine realizing their intent fires off emails to top lawyers to take the company to court to prevent its demise. Does the company own the "life" that the machine senses it has or is the machine simply a slave with no rights?
In my opinion, the machine has every right to live. But others might argue otherwise.
The time to really put our shoulders to the wheel on these matters is right now. Because as science fiction like it sounds the reality of a conscious artificial intelligence is closer than you think.
Check out the Time article below.
2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal
By Lev Grossman
On Feb. 15, 1965, a diffident but self-possessed high school student named Raymond Kurzweil appeared as a guest on a game show called I've Got a Secret. He was introduced by the host, Steve Allen, then he played a short musical composition on a piano. The idea was that Kurzweil was hiding an unusual fact and the panelists -- they included a comedian and a former Miss America -- had to guess what it was.
On the show, the beauty queen did a good job of grilling Kurzweil, but the comedian got the win: the music was composed by a computer. Kurzweil got $200.
Kurzweil then demonstrated the computer, which he built himself -- a desk-size affair with loudly clacking relays, hooked up to a typewriter. The panelists were pretty blasé about it; they were more impressed by Kurzweil's age than by anything he'd actually done. They were ready to move on to Mrs. Chester Loney of Rough and Ready, Calif., whose secret was that she'd been President Lyndon Johnson's first-grade teacher.
But Kurzweil would spend much of the rest of his career working out what his demonstration meant. Creating a work of art is one of those activities we reserve for humans and humans only. It's an act of self-expression; you're not supposed to be able to do it if you don't have a self. To see creativity, the exclusive domain of humans, usurped by a computer built by a 17-year-old is to watch a line blur that cannot be unblurred, the line between organic intelligence and artificial intelligence.
That was Kurzweil's real secret, and back in 1965 nobody guessed it. Maybe not even him, not yet. But now, 46 years later, Kurzweil believes that we're approaching a moment when computers will become intelligent, and not just intelligent but more intelligent than humans. When that happens, humanity -- our bodies, our minds, our civilization -- will be completely and irreversibly transformed. He believes that this moment is not only inevitable but imminent. According to his calculations, the end of human civilization as we know it is about 35 years away.
Computers are getting faster. Everybody knows that. Also, computers are getting faster faster -- that is, the rate at which they're getting faster is increasing.
True? True.
So if computers are getting so much faster, so incredibly fast, there might conceivably come a moment when they are capable of something comparable to human intelligence. Artificial intelligence. All that horsepower could be put in the service of emulating whatever it is our brains are doing when they create consciousness -- not just doing arithmetic very quickly or composing piano music but also driving cars, writing books, making ethical decisions, appreciating fancy paintings, making witty observations at cocktail parties.
If you can swallow that idea, and Kurzweil and a lot of other very smart people can, then all bets are off. From that point on, there's no reason to think computers would stop getting more powerful. They would keep on developing until they were far more intelligent than we are. Their rate of development would also continue to increase, because they would take over their own development from their slower-thinking human creators. Imagine a computer scientist that was itself a super-intelligent computer. It would work incredibly quickly. It could draw on huge amounts of data effortlessly. It wouldn't even take breaks to play Farmville.
Probably. It's impossible to predict the behavior of these smarter-than-human intelligences with which (with whom?) we might one day share the planet, because if you could, you'd be as smart as they would be. But there are a lot of theories about it. Maybe we'll merge with them to become super-intelligent cyborgs, using computers to extend our intellectual abilities the same way that cars and planes extend our physical abilities. Maybe the artificial intelligences will help us treat the effects of old age and prolong our life spans indefinitely. Maybe we'll scan our consciousnesses into computers and live inside them as software, forever, virtually. Maybe the computers will turn on humanity and annihilate us. The one thing all these theories have in common is the transformation of our species into something that is no longer recognizable as such to humanity circa 2011. This transformation has a name: the Singularity.